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AlphaFold, protein structure 

About 170,000 measured structures in 50 years, then over 200 million in 18 months. The referee was CASP, grading each prediction against a real measured structure. Nature paper · The 200 million release

GraphCast, weather 

Beat the gold standard physics model on more than 90% of 1,380 verification targets in under a minute on one machine. Learned from 40 years of recorded atmosphere instead of the equations. Google has since renamed the line WeatherNext; it’s three generations on and now runs hourly on live satellite data. Science paper ·DeepMind write-up

Fusion plasma control 

Nineteen coils, nineteen hand-tuned controllers, and every new plasma shape meant deriving the whole system again. One network now reads sensors and writes voltages thousands of times a second. It held shapes the machine had never achieved. Nature paper · DeepMind write-up

Kaiser Permanente, Advance Alert Monitor 

Scans every patient in 21 hospitals every hour and flags who is likely to deteriorate within 12 hours. Thirty-day mortality after an alert fell from 20.4% to 15.8%. Kaiser Division of Research ·NEJM

Freeport-McMoRan, Bagdad mine 

Years of sensor data nobody had read. A model now recommends mill settings every one to three hours. Throughput hit 85,000 metric tons a day—10% above the prior quarter. Comparable to a new concentrator, without the $2 billion or the decade. McKinsey

NotCo, NotMilk 

They didn’t start with recipes. They measured cow’s milk on every dimension they could reach, made that the target, and searched 300,000 plants for combinations that hit it. It came back with pineapple juice and cabbage. No food scientist writes that down. MIT Technology Review · The patent